{"id":5573,"date":"2026-04-14T15:55:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T15:55:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/?page_id=5573"},"modified":"2026-05-11T18:41:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T18:41:03","slug":"gemological-glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/gemological-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Gemological Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c:hover > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);background-image:none;}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9b6c54-3c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(55% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(45% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5573_96ef67-b3 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_377747-b9 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_377747-b9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-medium-font-size\">Welcome to our gemology dictionary.<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59\"]{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a43a2a-59\">Here you will find a comprehensive list of all the essential concepts and definitions in gemmology. Each term is explained clearly and precisely. These definitions will gradually be supplemented with detailed practical guides to help you better understand the concepts of gemmology.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-count-up-5573_da8963-36 .kb-count-up-number{font-size:24px;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-count-up-5573_da8963-36 .kb-count-up-title{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);}.kb-count-up-5573_da8963-36 .kb-count-up-number{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);text-align:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-countup kb-count-up-5573_da8963-36 kb-count-up\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"225\" data-prefix=\"\" data-suffix=\" Definitions\" data-duration=\"2.5\" data-separator=\"\"><div class=\"kb-count-up-process kb-count-up-number\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:flex-start;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column5573_096f5d-24, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_096f5d-24:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_096f5d-24\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5573_b65a64-1d .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:238px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5573_b65a64-1d.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5573_b65a64-1d .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d{max-width:238px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d img{width:100%;}.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5573_b65a64-1d .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:214px;width:100%;}.kb-image5573_b65a64-1d{max-width:214px;}}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5573_b65a64-1d size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Gemological-glossary2.webp\" alt=\"Lexique-dictionnaire de gemmologie\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2527\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kt-tabs-id5573_b48599-b9 > .kt-tabs-content-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-tab{border-top:3px solid var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid #0a6689;border-bottom:0px solid 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0.5rem);margin-left:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tabs alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-tabs-wrap kt-tabs-id5573_b48599-b9 kt-tabs-has-26-tabs kt-active-tab-1 kt-tabs-layout-tabs kt-tabs-tablet-layout-inherit kt-tabs-mobile-layout-tabs kt-tab-alignment-left \"><ul class=\"kt-tabs-title-list\"><li id=\"tab--a-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-1 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-active\"><a href=\"#tab--a-\" data-tab=\"1\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-1 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-A-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--b-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-2 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--b-\" data-tab=\"2\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-2 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-B-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--c-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-3 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--c-\" data-tab=\"3\" 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kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--k-\" data-tab=\"11\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-11 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-K-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--l-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-12 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--l-\" data-tab=\"12\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-12 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-L-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--m-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-13 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--m-\" data-tab=\"13\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-13 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-M-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--n-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-14 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--n-\" data-tab=\"14\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-14 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-N-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--o-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-15 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--o-\" data-tab=\"15\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-15 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-O-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--p-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-16 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--p-\" data-tab=\"16\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-16 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-P-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--q-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-17 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--q-\" data-tab=\"17\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-17 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-Q-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--r-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-18 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--r-\" data-tab=\"18\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-18 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-R-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--s-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-19 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--s-\" data-tab=\"19\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-19 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-S-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--t-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-20 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--t-\" data-tab=\"20\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-20 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-T-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--u-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-21 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--u-\" data-tab=\"21\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-21 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-U-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--v-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-22 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--v-\" data-tab=\"22\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-22 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-V-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--w-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-23 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--w-\" data-tab=\"23\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-23 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-W-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--x-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-24 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--x-\" data-tab=\"24\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-24 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-X-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--y-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-25 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--y-\" data-tab=\"25\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-25 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-Y-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"tab--z-\" class=\"kt-title-item kt-title-item-26 kt-tabs-svg-show-always kt-tabs-icon-side-right kt-tab-title-inactive\"><a href=\"#tab--z-\" data-tab=\"26\" class=\"kt-tab-title kt-tab-title-26 \"><span class=\"kt-title-text\">-Z-<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"kt-tabs-content-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-1 kt-inner-tab5573_5b37c8-d3\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_76a309-b2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_76a309-b2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_76a309-b2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5be8c-d0\">Absorption bands<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0898a0-cf\">Visible under a spectroscope, they are dark vertical bands that leave a gap in the visible spectrum.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_31431a-e2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_31431a-e2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_31431a-e2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_272550-c3\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_272550-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_272550-c3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_272550-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_272550-c3\">Absorption line<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c7b811-69\">A dark, sharp, distinct vertical line in a gemstone\u2019s absorption spectrum. These lines, visible using a spectroscope, result from the gemstone\u2019s absorption of certain wavelengths of light. They are characteristic of each mineral and are caused by electronic transitions in the atoms or ions present in the stone\u2019s crystal structure. They help to identify the nature of a gemstone, and sometimes to determine the element(s) responsible for its colour, its chemical composition, and certain treatments.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c9d116-41:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c9d116-41 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c9d116-41\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b8f6ae-b1\">Absorption spectrum<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4b791-be\">Refers to the spectrum produced when white light passes through a substance. Certain wavelengths are absorbed by the atoms or ions present, resulting in dark bands or lines against a bright background. In gemmology, this spectrum is characteristic of a stone\u2019s chemical composition and helps to identify it.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_48747f-78:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_48747f-78 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_48747f-78\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_031499-fe, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_031499-fe .kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_031499-fe{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_031499-fe:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_031499-fe wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_031499-fe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/the-adularescence-of-a-gemstone\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5708\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adularescence<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cb3c8-49\">A shimmering reflection beneath the stone&#8217;s surface caused by interference at the interfaces between the stone&#8217;s layers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4036f0-8c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f52463-2e\">Aggregate<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_62ae8a-40\">A mass consisting of a combination of crystals of the same or different types.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_afdcfe-15\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_69ad60-23\">Allochromatic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a423ba-8a\">Refers to a mineral that is colored by impurities or trace elements in its crystalline structure, but which are not part of the mineral&#8217;s inherent chemical composition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c94037-9f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c94037-9f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c94037-9f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be657a-73\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be657a-73\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be657a-73\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_be657a-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be657a-73\">Amorphous<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0108-30\">Refers to a substance that does not have a crystalline structure, examples include amber and opal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4572d7-c5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ed514-45\">Angle of refraction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e556ef-f7\">The angle formed between the refracted ray (the light passing through the surface) and the normal (the line perpendicular to the interface between the two environments) in a refraction phenomenon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_542bc7-26:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_542bc7-26 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_542bc7-26\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae41e7-97\">Anisotropic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_58ad48-a2\">Refers to a material whose physical properties vary depending on the direction in which they are measured. This directional variation in properties is often related to the material\u2019s crystal structure, which is ordered in a regular but asymmetrical manner in space. In gemmology, anisotropy is primarily observed through characteristic optical phenomena such as birefringence and pleochroism. When measuring with a refractometer, the variation in the refractive index depending on the direction is a criterion for identifying a gem or an anisotropic material. Of the seven crystal systems in the Bravais lattice, only minerals in the cubic system are isotropic, all others are anisotropic.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_55b2b5-f5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_500233-8d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_500233-8d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_500233-8d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_500233-8d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_500233-8d\">Anomalous Double Refraction (ADR)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dee5b-4b\">False indication of double refraction caused by internal stresses in a material, which formed during its formation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_98bc38-ba\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_52d465-4b\">Artificial crystal (Homocreate)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_189d10-81\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_189d10-81\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_189d10-81\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_189d10-81 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_189d10-81\">Refers to a man-made crystalline substance for which no natural equivalent is known.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_03e571-fc:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_03e571-fc {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_03e571-fc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cb2dbe-d3\">Asterism<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7b0d0-3a\">An optical phenomenon in which a shimmering cross- or star-shaped pattern appears on the surface of a gem.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_49e000-ef:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_49e000-ef {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_49e000-ef\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1101d3-a7\">Aventurescence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51f13e-95\">An optical effect of shimmering caused by the presence of numerous inclusions, often flat and metallic, that reflect light.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-2 kt-inner-tab5573_ac62c7-6b\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5e26ff-9a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f8f56-b0\">Biaxial<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7603b7-04\">Refers to a material that has two optical axes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ff740a-7b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b77a0-1b\">Birefringence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_66b36e-b7\">It corresponds to the difference between the highest refractive index and the lowest refractive index of an anisotropic material.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a66485-ca:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a66485-ca {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a66485-ca\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2d58e4-a2\">Bleaching<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9b264-35\">A chemical treatment designed to bleach a stone, often carried out prior to dyeing. Examples of stones commonly treated in this way include jade and pearls. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ef8431-b6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8cb157-2a\">Brilliance<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3a0ee-32\">The amount of light reflected by a gemstone.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9d4728-fb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2821fb-26\">Brilliant cut<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b9d455-f5\">A cut style characterised by an arrangement of triangular and diamond-shaped facets, arranged radially, which optimises the reflection, sparkle and dispersion of light, the latter factor, however, depends on the optical properties of the material (dispersion plus a possible \u2018combo\u2019 or \u2018boost\u2019 effect due to birefringence).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-3 kt-inner-tab5573_2fe545-da\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_459af3-f7:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_459af3-f7 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_459af3-f7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_31a6ce-ce\">Cabochon<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a97aa8-0f\">A type of gemstone cut, unfaceted, usually convex with a rounded, smooth top and a flat or slightly rounded bottom.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_10e781-7c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_10e781-7c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_10e781-7c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0f9658-b1\"><strong><strong><strong>Calibrated stone<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0861f-9f\">Refers to a gemstone cut to precise and standardized dimensions, often used in jewelry to fit perfectly into a setting or a series.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_980638-49{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_980638-49, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_980638-49:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_980638-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_980638-49 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_980638-49\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6facd1-0e\">Cameo<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd8b3-4e\">A piece of jewellery or ornament carved in relief, often depicting a portrait or a mythological scene, set against a background that is usually of a contrasting colour, and typically made from materials such as shell, coral or glass.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_30d0d0-8e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_171e82-26\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_171e82-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_171e82-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_171e82-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_171e82-26\">Carat (symbol: ct)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e0beaa-59\">A unit of measurement used to indicate the weight of gemstones, 1 carat = 0.2 grams<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f2c36c-e1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_039f4d-e1\">Chatoyancy<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_55705f-b5\">An optical effect that appears as moving light or a silky reflect, often in the form of a band of light. This phenomenon occurs when light is reflected off fine parallel inclusions (silks) or internal structures (hollow tubes). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5d0383-78:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5d0383-78 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5d0383-78\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de772f-64\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de772f-64\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de772f-64\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_de772f-64 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de772f-64\">Chemical composition<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65283e-0e\">It describes the nature and quantity of the atoms present in a substance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_07f7fc-7a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_493f91-a7\">Chelsea filter<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_259c5a-68\">An optical device consisting of a filter glass impregnated with metal oxides that allows certain wavelengths (mainly in the red and green spectrum) to pass through, used to observe how gemstones react to light in order to aid their identification, particularly to detect gemstones containing chromium (Cr).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_901faf-6f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_901faf-6f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_901faf-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cce592-db\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cce592-db\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cce592-db\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cce592-db wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cce592-db\"><strong>Chevron growth pattern<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a724ed-88\">This term refers to patterns characteristic of certain hydrothermal synthetic gemstones, resembling the teeth of a saw. Hydrothermal synthetic emeralds exhibit this type of pattern, although it can sometimes be difficult to observe.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8a9742-08:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8a9742-08 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8a9742-08\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4fe4f6-4d\">Chromium tourmaline<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_72150d-70\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_72150d-70\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_72150d-70\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_72150d-70 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_72150d-70\">A trade term referring to a vivid green tourmaline coloured by traces of chromium and\/or vanadium. When viewed under a Chelsea filter, it may exhibit a characteristic pink to reddish colour, which is due to the chromium. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9e0ea8-b5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0833ce-e0\"><strong>Chromophore<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_43e8ab-9a\">An atom or group of atoms in a molecule or mineral that absorbs certain wavelengths of light, giving the substance its color. Common chromophores include chromium, iron, copper, and vanadium. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5b35d9-38\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_3ff519-08, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_3ff519-08 .kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"]{color:#3182ce;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_3ff519-08{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_3ff519-08:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3ff519-08\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-clarity-in-gemology-and-how-is-it-assessed\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4504\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Clarity<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_775084-59\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_775084-59\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_775084-59\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_775084-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_775084-59\">Clarity refers to the degree of internal quality of a gemstone. It is assessed based on the quantity and visibility of inclusions and fractures, in relation to the type of gem. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_85dd13-58:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_85dd13-58 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_85dd13-58\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1160fc-56\">Cleavage<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a58b5a-f1\">Refers to an internal fracture in a mineral resulting from the cleavability capacity of certain minerals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_30fde0-23:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_30fde0-23 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_30fde0-23\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2bc2ad-92\">Cleavability<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_79472c-32\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_79472c-32\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_79472c-32\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_79472c-32 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_79472c-32\">The ability of a mineral to break cleanly and regularly along weak atomic planes in its crystal lattice. This property depends on the specific arrangement of atoms in the mineral\u2019s crystal structure, which allows it to break easily along specific directions. In geology and mineralogy, cleavage is an important criterion for identifying minerals.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a2b4f1-0f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e7a692-27\">Color center<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eed0d9-16\">A defect in the atomic structure of a material that can absorb certain wavelengths of light and produce a colour.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_639706-33{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_639706-33, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_639706-33:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_639706-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_639706-33 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_639706-33\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c098be-a2\">Color zoning<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d8087-b7\">Refers to areas of different colors within a gem, typically appearing as distinct bands or angular zones. These color zones result from variations in the mineral\u2019s growth conditions (temperature, fluid chemistry, radiation, etc.). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_76d43d-f0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c2ae6-64\"><strong><strong><strong>Colored stone<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba6228-ab\">Refers to any gemstone other than a diamond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_41a357-4b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_41a357-4b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_41a357-4b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_566967-c0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_566967-c0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_566967-c0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_566967-c0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_566967-c0\">Colour change<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_57dabb-ff\">A phenomenon in which a gemstone changes its colour appearance depending on the type of light source.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_bed36e-f2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ab0604-26\">Colour range<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_84fcd8-7f\">The range of colours in which a single gem can be found.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_7aa81b-44\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7d1f3b-b2\">Contact metamorphism<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af6144-e2\">Contact metamorphism is the mineralogical and structural transformation of a rock caused by a significant rise in temperature, often due to contact with a magma intrusion ranging from a few meters to several hundred meters in thickness. This transformation generally occurs in the rocks located around the magma, within a limited zone known as the metamorphic aureole, and takes place under relatively low pressure. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8ba9ab-e8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4d7b99-5d\">Crazing<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e57672-b3\">A network of cracks that can develop in an opal during:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A reduction in the moisture content of the material. Example: rapid drying using ambient air with low humidity after extraction. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exposure to a heat source. Example: halogen lamps in display cases, temperature fluctuations. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Significant changes in humidity. Example: A change in storage conditions, from dry to humid, and then from humid to dry. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_098720-00{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_098720-00, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_098720-00:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_098720-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_098720-00 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_098720-00\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_727e8b-8b, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_727e8b-8b .kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_727e8b-8b{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_727e8b-8b:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_727e8b-8b\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-a-critical-angle-in-gemmology\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5715\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Critical angle<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42224f-0f\">The angle of incidence below which light is completely refracted by the material. In the case of a gemstone, this means that the incident light will not be reflected by the pavilion but will escape through it, resulting in a lack of brilliance. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8a1bb4-78\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_551926-2b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_551926-2b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_551926-2b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_551926-2b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_551926-2b\">Crown<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dadf96-7f\">The upper part of a faceted gem, above the girdle and below the table. It plays a key role in the gem\u2019s appearance. A well-cut crown enhances the brilliance and scintillation of a faceted gemstone.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_541a5f-cd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d276e9-e1\">Cryptocrystalline<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02e09c-dd\">Refers to a substance composed of very small crystals, visible only under very high magnification.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_17619b-2f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_17619b-2f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_17619b-2f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_ff0e57-9f, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_ff0e57-9f .kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_ff0e57-9f{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_ff0e57-9f:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ff0e57-9f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/a-world-of-crystals\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2461\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Crystal<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2dc637-71\">Refers to a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular and orderly manner, following a repeating pattern in space. This regular structure influences its physical properties (such as hardness, conductivity, dispersion, etc.). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_e5c48c-9a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ad1ca8-12\">Crystal habit<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9dbe16-23\">The habit of a mineral refers to the general shape, appearance or external configuration of a crystal or aggregate of crystals. This includes size, crystal form, proportions, surface texture, and the way in which the crystals are arranged in relation to one another. The habit of a mineral can provide clues about its crystallisation conditions and the environment in which it formed.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f28ec7-7c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_39a4a7-7a\">Crystal structure<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d36926-52\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d36926-52\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d36926-52\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d36926-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d36926-52\">Refers to the regular and repetitive arrangement of atoms in a crystal, forming an ordered lattice in space. In conjunction with the chemical composition, it determines the physical and optical properties of the mineral, such as its hardness, any cleavage it may exhibit, and its behavior in relation to light. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_90c26d-ff\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5d9c61-c8\">Crystalline face<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b9401-c8\">Said of a flat surface that delimits a crystal. It can vary in size and shape, and present characteristics such as growth patterns or pits.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fca769-a0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fca769-a0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fca769-a0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68b6b5-d5\">Curved growth zone<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_42e3da-09\">This term refers to the curved growth lines found in synthetic gemstones produced using the Verneuil (flame fusion) and pulling processes. Curved growth zones are generally less common in synthetic gemstones produced using the pulling process than in those produced using the Verneuil process, due to the differences between these two processes. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_3c7c61-3e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51fe9a-69\">Cutting style<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_845fa7-79\">It refers to the way in which a gemstone\u2019s facets are arranged to influence its optical effects. There are three main cutting styles: the brilliant cut, characterised by triangular or diamond-shaped facets arranged to maximise the gemstone\u2019s scintillation, the step cut, featuring rectangular or trapezoidal facets arranged in parallel steps, which places less emphasis on scintillation but enhances the stone\u2019s colour whilst producing a more uniform brilliance. Finally, the mixed style combines these two approaches to achieve a balance between scintillation, brilliance and colour enhancement. At the same time, there is a fourth style, less common in the gemstone market, known as the fantasy cutting style, which notably features concave or convex curves.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-4 kt-inner-tab5573_57a9a5-51\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fe511f-1e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0bfe82-dd\">Dark-field illumination<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_435452-63\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_435452-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_435452-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_435452-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_435452-63\">A microscopy technique in which light illuminates the sample at an oblique angle. This method provides high contrast and helps to observe fine details that would be difficult to see under direct illumination. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4a3331-b3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4b511c-2a\">Density<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b5afc-fe\">The relationship between the mass of a body and its volume. Example: 1 kilogram of water has a volume of 0.001 m\u00b3 (at 4\u00b0C), which corresponds to a density of 1. <br><br>Theoretical densities of some minerals:<br>Quartz: ~2.65<br>Calcite: 2.6\u20132.8<br>Peridot: ~3.27<br>Cerussite: 6.58<br>Spinel: 3.53\u20134.08<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_169945-f8:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_169945-f8 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_169945-f8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_08569d-9f\"><strong><strong>Deposit<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9c5316-17\">Refers to a natural accumulation of minerals or exploitable resources present in the ground and\/or the Earth\u2019s subsurface. These materials can be extracted for industrial, artisanal, commercial, or scientific use. The term is commonly used to describe reserves of metals, fossil fuels, or other mineral substances. Deposits can vary in size, composition, and quality, and are often exploited by extraction methods such as drilling, mining, or open-pit or underground quarrying.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c7e00d-a1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0dd600-86\">Dichroism<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2e9e16-6d\">This term refers to a pleochroic gemstone that exhibits two colours or shades of colour depending on the direction from which it is viewed or the direction of the polarised light.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_eaa63c-eb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0a173d-61\">Dichroscope<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ec7c8-09\">A gemological instrument used to observe two of the colours of a pleochroic gemstone from a given viewing angle.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_13ea94-be:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_13ea94-be {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_13ea94-be\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c9d7ef-02\">Diffraction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dbbf0a-09\">Particular interference phenomenon by which white light is decomposed into its spectral colors. Diffraction is responsible for the play of colors in opals.<br><br>This phenomenon occurs through constructive interference of waves reflected at the interfaces of the regular alternation of microstructures with different refractive indices within a mineral (microfractures, crystal lattices, ordered stackings, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d12e23-c0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bb3cde-e2\">Diffusion (treatment)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7a0411-06\">Treatment used to modify or enhance the color of a gemstone by introducing chemical elements at high temperature to a greater or lesser depth beyond the surface of the gemstone (generally 0.5 mm). Some very pale yellow or even colorless sapphires are diffused with beryllium to give them a more desirable orange color.<br>Warning: as this treatment is generally shallow (~0.5 mm), gemstones that have undergone diffusion cannot be recut, at the risk of a partial or total reduction in saturation, or even the appearance of a different color not initially visible.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a29957-3e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a29957-3e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a29957-3e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_be4f2d-cd, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_be4f2d-cd .kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"]{color:#3182ce;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_be4f2d-cd{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_be4f2d-cd:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_be4f2d-cd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-dispersion-in-gemmology\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4422\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dispersion<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_01c41e-01\">A physical phenomenon whereby white light, or any other polychromatic light, is separated into its various spectral colours as it passes through a prism or a refractive material. When a gemstone disperses light sufficiently, it produces coloured flashes known as \u2018fire\u2019, which can be observed in diamonds, cerussite, sphalerite, wulfenite and other minerals. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_584190-8f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_584190-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_584190-8f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_584190-8f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c545b-bb\">Double refraction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a3b53c-1b\">Phenomenon by which the crystal structure splits light into two rays traveling at different speeds inside the crystal, and where each ray follows a slightly different direction.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_bce641-70:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_bce641-70 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_bce641-70\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_599ba3-04\">Doublet<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d46198-28\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d46198-28\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d46198-28\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d46198-28 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d46198-28\">Process consisting of assembling a genuine stone, often of lower quality, with a lower-value material (glass, synthetic stone, quartz, etc.) in order to imitate more expensive stones or to give the stone a particular color or luster. Some opals undergo this process in order to enhance their color and bring out their play of colors.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1a9095-bb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_1e33c9-74, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_1e33c9-74 .kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_1e33c9-74{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_1e33c9-74:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1e33c9-74\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/the-durability\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7126\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Durability<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ee3b48-6d\">The durability of a gemstone refers to its ability to resist wear, impacts, scratches, and deterioration over time. It is based on several physical and chemical properties, such as hardness, toughness, and chemical stability. In summary, it refers to a gemstone\u2019s resistance to everyday conditions (impacts, exposure to air, humidity, temperature variations, chemical products), while preserving its appearance and beauty.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f43134-75:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f43134-75 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f43134-75\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae1600-29\">Dyeing treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead78a-63\">Process consisting of introducing coloring substances into a stone in order to modify or intensify its color. The dye preferentially penetrates cracks, pores, or altered zones of the material, making this treatment particularly effective on porous or microfractured gemstones. It is often preceded by operations such as bleaching, intended to remove or reduce the original color to allow a more uniform recoloring, and\/or thermal shock, used to create or enhance a network of microcracks that facilitates the penetration of the dye. Used to reproduce more desirable colors, its stability is variable, as the color may change under the effect of light, heat, or certain chemical agents. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-5 kt-inner-tab5573_00c5c6-b4\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_15fc0d-f4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f827fb-b8\">Electrical conductivity<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99a527-93\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99a527-93\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99a527-93\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_99a527-93 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99a527-93\">The ability of a substance to conduct an electric current.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5c5c03-27\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0940e5-ec\">Emission line<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8de77a-a0\">A vertical line of higher light intensity than the spectral lines (transmitted wavelengths). These lines, which can be observed using a spectroscope, result from fluorescence&#8230;. An example is spinel (chromium), but this is inhibited if there is too much iron.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_41f383-0c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_41f383-0c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_41f383-0c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_89d27b-25\">Emission spectrum<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398429-1f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398429-1f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398429-1f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_398429-1f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398429-1f\">Refers to the spectrum produced by a substance that emits light, usually when excited (by heat, other radiation or an electric discharge). It appears as coloured lines of light against a dark background, with each chemical element producing a specific spectrum. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fadba5-fe\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e54aaf-a8\">Erosion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdbb6b-58\">Refers to a geological process by which rocks and minerals at the Earth\u2019s surface are worn down, fragmented, and transported by natural agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity. This phenomenon acts on landscapes over time, modifying their shape and structure. Erosion can be slow and gradual or faster depending on environmental conditions. Several types of erosion mechanisms are distinguished: mechanical, water-based, chemical, wind-based, glacial, etc.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_04a3a8-36\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a2dc67-37\">Euhedral<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d00dde-8d\">Refers to a well-formed mineral that takes the form of a crystal bounded by distinct crystal faces.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_6ca519-53:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_6ca519-53 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_6ca519-53\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35d9bb-27\">Extinction areas<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a0b480-85\">This term refers, in a faceted transparent gemstone, to areas that appear dark or black when observed from a certain angle. This phenomenon is more or less pronounced depending on the material, the proportions of the stone, and the angles of the facets.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_e916c9-d2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_830f8c-fe\">Extrordinary ray<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_820e56-2a\">It is a light ray that follows a different trajectory from that of the ordinary ray when it passes through a birefringent crystal. In this case, the speed of light propagation depends on the angle of incidence and the direction of propagation relative to the crystal. The extraordinary ray results from the complex interaction between light and the optical properties of the material, which can lead to a deviation of the light.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-6 kt-inner-tab5573_ad3fc3-73\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c7401f-2d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a05bec-68\">Facet<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2209e-4f\">Refers to a flat surface cut on a gemstone, usually to maximise its brilliance and lustre.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8ec63a-d7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5e27c5-00\">Fancy cut<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0528fb-9a\">A term whose meaning varies depending on the material:<br>&#8211; <strong>For diamonds<\/strong>, it refers to all cuts other than the round brilliant cut.<br>&#8211; <strong>For coloured gemstones<\/strong>, it refers to a free-form cut, which may feature flat and\/or curved surfaces, without any strict stylistic constraints.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_042544-c8:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_042544-c8 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_042544-c8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a4495-62\">Fancy shape<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cda4f5-36\">Includes any cut of gemstone other than the round brilliant cut.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a597a0-b6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38176c-54\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38176c-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38176c-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_38176c-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38176c-54\">Filling (Treatment)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f0730-1a\">Fracture filling is a treatment consisting of filling the fissures or fractures of a gemstone with a transparent substance (such as oil, resin, or glass) in order to make them less visible and improve the appearance of the gemstone. The filler must have a refractive index close to that of the gemstone so that light passes through uniformly, thereby making the fracture less noticeable.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_09d851-a4:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_09d851-a4 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_09d851-a4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_98334a-18\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_98334a-18\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_98334a-18\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_98334a-18 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_98334a-18\">Fine color<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_68247a-b7\">A gemstone color considered to be among the most desirable in the market.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b9ddf2-76\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9e7d7f-ec\">Fingerprint inclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da523e-df\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da523e-df\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da523e-df\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_da523e-df wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da523e-df\">An inclusion that often resembles a fingerprint, frequently associated with the healing of a fracture. Please note that this type of inclusion can be found in both natural gemstones and synthetic stones. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_591b21-1b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_591b21-1b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_591b21-1b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14d495-60\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14d495-60\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14d495-60\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_14d495-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14d495-60\">Finish<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f56b50-bb\">The quality of the polish and cut of a gem.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d0953e-36:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d0953e-36 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d0953e-36\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1cb495-f5\">Fire<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec3133-18\">Refers to the coloured flashes produced when a gemstone disperses light.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b2446e-2e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_309dd9-76\">Flame fusion (Verneuil process)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f46323-27\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f46323-27\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f46323-27\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f46323-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f46323-27\">Main method for producing synthetic corundum crystals, based on the fusion of alumina powder (Al\u2082O\u2083) using an oxyhydrogen torch. The molten material (alumina) gradually deposits onto a seed crystal, forming a stalagmite-shaped crystal called a \u201cboule.\u201d The color of the crystal is determined by the addition of metal oxides, such as chromium for red, cobalt for blue, etc. This process is also used for the production of synthetic spinels, as well as artificial crystals such as strontium titanate. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4e92bc-84\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_894be7-44\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_894be7-44\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_894be7-44\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_894be7-44 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_894be7-44\">Fluid inclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b5f449-c2\">Said of an inclusion consisting of a cavity filled with a liquid.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d3387b-e4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bd3cf-04\">Fluorescence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8e5c2-f3\">Physical phenomenon in which a material emits visible light (or sometimes ultraviolet light) after absorbing energy, generally in the form of ultraviolet light. During this process, the material\u2019s electrons are excited by the absorption of a photon, then re-emit this energy as light of a longer wavelength (or a different color). Fluorescence stops quickly after excitation, unlike phosphorescence, which persists longer.<br><br>This phenomenon is used to help identify gemstones when they are exposed to short-wave or long-wave UV light. For example, certain stones such as sapphire, ruby, or amber may exhibit distinct fluorescent colors under UV light, which helps distinguish them from other materials of similar appearance. The color of fluorescence can vary depending on the chemical composition of the material, making it a valuable tool in gemstone identification. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8a62d1-fb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_231b7e-21\">Fracture<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06a194-bc\">Any fracture in a gemstone, with the exception of cleavage, twinning planes, intergrowth and non-twin interpenetration.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-7 kt-inner-tab5573_088e01-18\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b2ede4-66\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_fdb59c-cc, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_fdb59c-cc .kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_fdb59c-cc{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_fdb59c-cc:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fdb59c-cc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-a-gem\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2438\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gem<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e18546-05\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e18546-05\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e18546-05\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e18546-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e18546-05\">A gemstone is a mineral stone, sometimes of organic origin, which is neither synthetic or artificial, has been cut, and possesses specific qualities such as durability, beauty and rarity. These characteristics give it a special value and justify its preferred use in jewellery or its preservation in a collection. This definition allows gems to be accurately identified and classified, whilst acknowledging that their appeal extends far beyond mere technical criteria.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_39344c-71:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_39344c-71 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_39344c-71\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_481e68-fc\">Gemmology<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_50ed08-ad\">Gemmology is the multidisciplinary science concerned with the study of gemstones, combining knowledge of mineralogy, geology, chemistry and physics. Its main objective is to identify gemstones, determine any treatments they may have undergone, distinguish them from synthetic, hybrid, counterfeit and imitation gemstones, analyse characteristic inclusions, determine their geographical origin and assess their quality and value. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_288520-5e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_288520-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_288520-5e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_288520-5e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_bf880d-c1, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_bf880d-c1 .kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_bf880d-c1{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_bf880d-c1:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf880d-c1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-the-geographical-origin-of-a-gemstone\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5727\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Geographical origin<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_096f1b-6b\">Refers to the natural location where a gemstone or mineral was formed and mined, corresponding to the deposit, region, or country of origin, such as Myanmar (formerly Burma) for certain rubies, Sri Lanka for many sapphires, or Colombia for emeralds. This concept allows a stone to be linked to a specific geological context and serves as a basis for scientific study through the analysis of mineralogical and chemical characteristics, as well as inclusions, which can reveal the conditions under which the deposit formed. It also plays an important role in the traceability of gemstones and in regulating the trade in stones, particularly within the framework of international initiatives such as the Kimberley Process for diamonds. Finally, geographic origin can influence a gem\u2019s commercial value when certain sources, renowned for the quality or rarity of their stones, are particularly coveted on the market.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_386a16-5c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_386a16-5c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_386a16-5c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_398f61-9b\">Germinative crystal (crystal seed)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3ffdd-77\">An embryonic crystal that forms naturally or through chemical synthesis. Seed crystals are used as seeds in the growth of certain synthetic crystals. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_57be12-60:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_57be12-60 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_57be12-60\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1b1c53-3f\">Girdle<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cad0df-6b\">The narrow section of a gemstone between the crown and the pavilion<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f79971-e2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f79971-e2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f79971-e2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13d369-f0\">Goldstone<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_af7be8-31\">An imitation of an aventurescent feldspar (sunstone) made from coloured glass to which fragments of a reflective material have been added to reproduce the aventurescence effect (typically copper flakes to imitate sunstone).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_521378-24{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_521378-24, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_521378-24:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_521378-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_521378-24 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_521378-24\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_132b95-42\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_132b95-42\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_132b95-42\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_132b95-42 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_132b95-42\">Group<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_61fd29-5f\">A mineral group is a group of minerals that share a common crystal structure and similar chemical composition, but which may differ slightly in terms of specific chemical elements. One example of a group is that of garnets, which comprises two series (pyralspite = aluminium garnets and ougrandite = calcium garnets), each of which in turn comprises various species (almandine, pyrope, ouvarovite, etc.). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a21b81-ca\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5b9c37-0c\">Growth by anhydrous dissolution (Flux)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99caec-f7\">A synthesis process in which mineral salts are dissolved in heated chemicals and then crystallise as they cool.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-8 kt-inner-tab5573_c350c0-00\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8b2d75-97\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_2cd087-87, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_2cd087-87 .kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_2cd087-87{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_2cd087-87:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2cd087-87\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/the-hardness\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7136\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hardness<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c20e4c-b5\">Elle d\u00e9signe la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la rayure d&#8217;un mat\u00e9riau. C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques les plus importantes pour \u00e9valuer la durabilit\u00e9 d&#8217;une gemme. La duret\u00e9 d&#8217;une pierre est mesur\u00e9e selon l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de Mohs, qui classe les min\u00e9raux de 1 \u00e0 10, 1 \u00e9tant la duret\u00e9 la plus faible (par exemple, le talc) et 10 la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e (le diamant).  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d932b4-a5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3123de-4a\">Heat treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_91a894-87\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_91a894-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_91a894-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_91a894-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_91a894-87\">A process involving the exposure of a gemstone to high temperatures in order to enhance its appearance, particularly its colour, clarity or certain optical properties. The results achieved are generally stable and long-lasting. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_68b8fa-f7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_fb0b1d-e0, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_fb0b1d-e0 .kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"]{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_fb0b1d-e0{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_fb0b1d-e0:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb0b1d-e0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/the-heavy-liquid-solutions-in-gemmology\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5700\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Heavy liquid<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_dd434a-33\">A liquid of known density used in gemmology to estimate the density of a gemstone. The gem is immersed in the liquid, and its behavior (floating, suspended, or sinking) allows one to determine whether its density is lower, approximately equal, or higher than that of the liquid. This method serves as a quick tool to aid in gem identification, complementing more precise measurements such as those obtained using a hydrostatic balance.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a1205c-43:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a1205c-43 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a1205c-43\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e4ba2e-29\">Hololith<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4a3202-35\">Refers to a piece of jewellery crafted (carved) from a single piece of rough stone.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_eac827-8e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_eac827-8e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_eac827-8e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf8a32-76\">Hue<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e7c7d-82\">Hue refers to the colour of a gemstone that is immediately apparent, that is to say, the overall chromatic appearance that is evident upon observation. It enables the identification of a gemstone\u2019s dominant colour, regardless of its saturation or tone, and is one of the key criteria for describing colour in gemmology. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b2fd2d-51\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_264d40-1d\"><strong><strong><strong>Hybrid stone<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_14764c-a3\">Although rarely used, this term refers to a stone that combines natural and synthetic materials, including treatments such as filling fractures with glass or polymers, or the creation of doublets and triplets.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_063beb-05:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_063beb-05 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_063beb-05\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65bc1a-e8\">Hydrostatic balance<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c585ef-66\">A hydrostatic balance is a measuring instrument used to determine the density (or specific gravity) of a solid by weighing it in air and then in a liquid, usually water. It is based on Archimedes&#8217; principle, which states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. In other words, the density of an object corresponds to the mass of water displaced when it is immersed.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_51a837-cf:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_51a837-cf {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_51a837-cf\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed2872-c5\">Hydrothermal<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f3ba35-e1\"><strong>In geology<\/strong>, this term refers to the circulation of fluids (hydrothermal fluids) rich in chemical elements and mineral salts in the upper part of the continental crust, and to the associated mineral formations.<br><br><strong>In gemmology<\/strong>, this term refers to a process for synthesising crystals. The process involves recreating, within an autoclave (\u2243pressure cooker), the temperature and pressure conditions found in natural hydrothermal veins. The synthetic crystals produced by this process form from seed crystals immersed in an aqueous solution enriched with chemical elements.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f0390f-38:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f0390f-38 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f0390f-38\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a9f22a-80\">Hydrothermal fluid<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1d29f5-fb\">A hot, pressurised solution capable of dissolving, transporting and depositing minerals through geological structures at varying depths.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-9 kt-inner-tab5573_ab2007-4a\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_640a0a-a1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d1e369-68\">Idiochromatic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8ca188-43\">Refers to a substance in which the coloring chemical element is an integral part of its chemical composition. En d&#8217;autres termes, la couleur d&#8217;un min\u00e9ral idiochromatique est intrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9e \u00e0 sa composition chimique, exemple : le cuivre (Cu) de la turquoise (CuAl<sub>6<\/sub>(PO4)<sub>4<\/sub>(OH)<sub>8<\/sub>\u00b74H<sub>2<\/sub>O). <br><br>This contrasts with allochromatic minerals, whose colour depends on the accidental presence of traces or impurities of chromophore chemical elements.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4bb393-3b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d738-d3\">Igneous rock<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f9c56a-f7\">An igneous rock, also known as a magmatic rock, is a rock that forms when magma, meaning molten rock inside the Earth, or lava on the surface, cools and solidifies.<br>There are two main types of igneous rock. Intrusive rocks form deep underground, where cooling is slow, allowing large, visible crystals to form, as in granite. Extrusive rocks, on the other hand, form on the Earth\u2019s surface during volcanic eruptions. Cooling is rapid here, resulting in very small or invisible crystals, as in basalt.<br>Igneous rocks play a vital role in the formation of the Earth\u2019s crust and are responsible for many geological structures.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_35f3d0-72\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8f8eab-8f\"><strong><strong><strong>Imitation stone<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74a92c-67\">Refers to an artificial, synthetic or natural material used to imitate another stone, often a gemstone of considerable value.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_20baea-aa:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_20baea-aa {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_20baea-aa\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_400723-98\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_400723-98\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_400723-98\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_400723-98 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_400723-98\">Immersion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3593cf-d9\">A technique used to estimate the refractive index of a transparent gemstone and to determine whether it has undergone diffusion treatment. Immersion involves observing the gem being tested in a refractive liquid that most closely matches its index of refraction. <br><br>In cases where the gemstone\u2019s refractive index is unknown, the refractive fluid whose refractive index is closest to that of the gemstone being tested will be the one that most effectively flattens the gemstone\u2019s surface. <br><br>When viewed through a suitable IR-refracting liquid, diffracted gems often exhibit greater colour saturation along the edges, or an inner section that is slightly different in colour, or even colourless.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9a5425-98:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9a5425-98 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9a5425-98\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7c0880-0a\">Impregnation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_843720-3c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_843720-3c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_843720-3c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_843720-3c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_843720-3c\">A treatment involving the filling of pores and other openings in a gemstone (often cabochons) with molten wax, resin, a polymer or plastic, to improve its appearance and stability. Turquoise is one of the stones most commonly treated by impregnation. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5aab52-bd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ebb1d2-d7\">Inclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c45e6-38\">Refers to a solid, liquid or gas trapped within a mineral.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f8bb4b-78\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_56d7ec-69\">Indigolite<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_934137-7b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_934137-7b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_934137-7b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_934137-7b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_934137-7b\">Terme commercial qui d\u00e9signe une tourmaline bleue.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9c0623-54:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9c0623-54 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9c0623-54\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_30d332-b5\">Inorganic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6ec2a-8b\">Refers to a material that is not of biological origin<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_63b040-af:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_63b040-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_63b040-af {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_63b040-af\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c28272-0e\">Intaglio<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20563b-62\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20563b-62\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20563b-62\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_20563b-62 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20563b-62\">Refers to gemstones, often flat, that have been engraved with recessed designs.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_6a3089-59:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_6a3089-59 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_6a3089-59\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7602d2-3e\">Interference<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_509504-25\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_509504-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_509504-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_509504-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_509504-25\">Refers to the interaction between two or more coherent waves of the same frequency.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_af99eb-bd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77a501-0a\">Intrusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_54c9d0-9e\">Refers to a body of igneous rock that has crystallised at varying depths.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_34f01c-31:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_34f01c-31 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_34f01c-31\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_704daf-5b\">Iridescence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fc3c09-87\">A phenomenon that causes colours to shift on certain surfaces depending on the angle of view, as with oil floating on water, due to the way light interacts with thin films.<br><br>In other words, some light waves are reflected by the upper surface of the film, whilst others penetrate and may in turn be reflected by the lower interface with the surrounding medium, where they can interfere constructively with the earlier waves. Depending on the refractive index, the thickness of the film, and the angle of incidence of the light rays, some reflected waves remain in phase (add together with others = constructive interference), whilst others undergo partial or total phase shift (total = destructive interference). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c54f31-e3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9db519-be\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9db519-be\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9db519-be\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9db519-be wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9db519-be\">Irisation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b464a-12\">Similar to iridescence, but referring more specifically to colour variations caused by variations in the thickness of a microstructure, such as a crack within a gemstone.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d1c50c-79\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_80d9b2-a5\">Irradiation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_121fd2-0f\">A treatment involving the exposure of a gemstone to electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, gamma rays) or subatomic particles (electrons, neutrons) in order to alter or intensify its colour. Irradiation causes changes in the crystal\u2019s electronic structure, creating or accentuating colour centers. The treatment may be permanent or may require additional heating to stabilise the colour. Sometimes, it is not possible to stabilise the colour of an irradiated stone. When regularly exposed to light or a heat source, the gemstone is then destined to gradually lose its saturation or revert to its original colour. Topazes with long-lasting commercial hues such as Sky Blue, Swiss Blue or London Blue are often irradiated and then heated to stabilise the colour.     <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a43020-7e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a43020-7e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a43020-7e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d57f57-2a\">Isochromes<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_204b3d-d2\">Although sometimes difficult to observe, isochromes appear as concentric coloured rings when a material is analysed using a polariscope and conoscope. They are in fact interference fringes that are concentrically distorted by the conoscope. Together with isogyric fringes, they form an optical figure that makes it possible to determine whether an anisotropic gemstone is biaxial or uniaxial.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d23d73-99:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d23d73-99 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d23d73-99\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b292f-cc\">Isogyres<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed29c4-fb\">Refers to the dark areas observed in the optical patterns of anisotropic gemstones, resulting from the extinction of light polarised in certain optical directions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_cf1c14-9f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_78e7a3-61\">Isometric<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_60095c-cc\">Generally speaking, \u00ab isometric \u00bb means \u00ab of equal measure \u00bb and applies to distances, dimensions or proportions, depending on the field. In crystallography, a crystal is said to be isometric when its three axes are approximately equal. Isometric crystals belong to the cubic crystal system.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_cb42eb-96\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b54e9e-78\">Isomorphic substitution<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6be9-3f\">Isomorphic substitution is a mineralogical phenomenon whereby one ion is replaced by another of similar size and charge within the crystal structure of a mineral, without altering its overall organisation. This replacement, made possible by the similarity of ionic radius and charge, allows the structure to be preserved whilst varying the chemical composition.<br>This substitution can result in variations in properties such as colour, density or hardness, and lead to the formation of continuous series between different chemical poles. For example, within the garnet group, we distinguish the pyralspite series (pyrope, almandine, spessartine) and the ugandite series (grossular, andradite, uvarovite), where different cations are partially or completely substituted whilst keeping the same crystal structure.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_91a359-3b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_91a359-3b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_91a359-3b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1f127a-df\">Isotropic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e190d7-8c\">This term refers to a material, a gemstone whose optical properties are identical in all directions. An isotropic gemstone has a single refractive index and is therefore not birefringent. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-10 kt-inner-tab5573_a9232a-c8\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We don\u2019t yet have any terms beginning with the letter \u00ab J \u00bb to explain. Please feel free to send us your suggestions to help us expand this section!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-11 kt-inner-tab5573_430440-fa\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We don\u2019t yet have any terms beginning with the letter \u00ab K \u00bb to explain. Please feel free to send us your suggestions to help us expand this section!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-12 kt-inner-tab5573_722662-e0\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a228c4-71:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a228c4-71 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a228c4-71\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5cd8c6-60\">Labradorescence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_df0beb-fa\">An optical phenomenon characteristic of labradorite, in which coloured flashes appear on the mineral\u2019s surface. This phenomenon results from the diffraction of light by alternating layers of feldspars with different chemical compositions (potassium and calcium-sodium). These layers form during the sub-solidus exsolution of the feldspars as the rock cools slowly. The lamellar structure creates light interference, thereby producing distinct flashes of colour.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4c7081-32:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4c7081-32 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4c7081-32\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"] a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_77d0fe-4a, .kt-adv-heading-link5573_77d0fe-4a .kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"]{color:#3182ce;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_77d0fe-4a{text-decoration:underline;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"] a:hover, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link5573_77d0fe-4a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading hls-underline\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77d0fe-4a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/what-is-light\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4582\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Light<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3564d-ca\">Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in a vacuum at a speed of c=299,792,458 m\/s. It is characterized by a wavelength and a frequency. The part of light that is visible to the human eye is called visible spectrum (from 380 nm to 780 nm). In physics, light can also be considered as a flow of photons (energy particles), which illustrates its dual wave-particle nature. It helps explain the visual appearance of gemstones and plays an essential role in their identification.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_7ce6ea-00\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7dde81-7f\">Luster<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c26c93-a3\">It refers to the ratio of reflected light to incident light. It describes the way a mineral reflects light, as perceived by the eye. Luster is also what gives gemstones their brilliance.  <br><br>There are several types of lustre: metallic, submetallic, vitreous, adamantine, silky, pearly, greasy, waxy and earthy.<br><br>As a general rule, brilliance is linked to the refractive index and is largely independent of colour:<br><br>vitreous lustre: refractive index 1.3 to 1.9<br>adamantine lustre: refractive index 1.9 to 2.6<br>submetallic lustre: refractive index 2.6 to 3<br>metallic lustre: refractive index greater than 3<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-13 kt-inner-tab5573_c15043-8a\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9c7707-87:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9c7707-87 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9c7707-87\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4945b6-0e\">Macroscopic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b669-0b\">Refers to what is visible or measurable on a human scale, without a microscope, as opposed to microscopic. In other words, it is what can be observed directly with the naked eye without a magnifying instrument. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_413eec-91:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_413eec-91 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_413eec-91\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9b2c58-73\">Matrix<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f13351-1d\">It refers to the matrix or support on which crystallization occurs.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c28867-f4:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c28867-f4 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c28867-f4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de3195-63\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de3195-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de3195-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_de3195-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_de3195-63\">Metamict<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_93bd0a-a6\">Refers to a mineral whose crystal lattice is partially or completely disrupted by internal radiation caused by the presence of radioactive elements (uranium, thorium), and which may evolve into an amorphous state while retaining its chemical composition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_72bffc-77:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_72bffc-77 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_72bffc-77\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20e871-2b\">Metamorphic rock<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18b372-9c\">A metamorphic rock is a rock that results from the transformation of a pre-existing rock, known as the parent rock, under the influence of high pressure and high temperatures, without passing through a liquid state.<br>This process, known as metamorphism, alters the structure, texture and sometimes the mineralogical composition of the rock. Minerals may rearrange themselves to form new, more stable assemblages under the new conditions.<br>Metamorphic rocks generally form deep within the Earth\u2019s crust, particularly during mountain formation or near magma masses. For example, marble is formed from the transformation of limestone, and schist results from the metamorphism of clay-rich rocks.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_e0fd1c-aa\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a21226-f1\">Microcrystalline<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b33b66-ae\">Refers to a rock or texture composed of very small crystals, generally invisible to the naked eye and observable only under a microscope.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5502e4-bb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d09ba7-4f\">Milk and Honey Effect <\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c694-41\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c694-41\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c694-41\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_02c694-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c694-41\">An optical phenomenon observed in certain chatoyant gemstones when held perpendicular to a light source, particularly chrysoberyls. This results in alternating opaque and translucent areas, resembling a mixture of milk and honey. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a2a32f-4d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3d68e4-87\">Milky<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf6e64-22\">In geology, a mineral is described as milky when it has a translucent appearance with light scattering within it, giving it a cloudy or milky appearance. This opacity is often due to the presence of inclusions or microstructures that prevent light from passing clearly through the material, creating a sort of internal haze. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ed7f4c-a0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6d87ba-d6\">Mineral<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_74ca85-8f\">A solid inorganic substance that occurs in the form of a crystal or a crystalline solid.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_74aaed-4d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_375ad1-0d\">Mineraloid<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1e5-25\">A mineraloid is a mineral-like substance that resembles a mineral but lacks a defined crystalline structure, unlike minerals, which have an ordered crystal lattice. Mineraloids are amorphous and often form through rapid cooling or chemical precipitation.<br>Common examples of mineraloids include amber and opal. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_38aed9-f8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_51d0c1-8f\">Mixed cut<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e29b-c5\">A cutting style that combines the brilliant cut with the step cut, typically featuring a brilliant-cut crown and a step-cut pavilion, which balances sparkle, brilliance and colour enhancement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_36aa9f-a7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_70efb8-24\">Monochromatic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c309b6-bd\">Refers to light consisting of a single wavelength or a very narrow range of wavelengths. This means that, for a monochromatic light source, all light waves have the same frequency and energy, corresponding to a single spectral color. <br><br>A well-known example is the red laser used in laser pointers, whose light is nearly monochromatic and has a wavelength of approximately 650 nm.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-14 kt-inner-tab5573_bc82bd-73\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5fd510-ef\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e8c702-65\">Needle<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_720c74-2f\">A long, thin, solid, or tubular inclusion that can contain gas and\/or a fluid.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_95b971-3c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_95b971-3c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_95b971-3c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3e8ed7-1f\">Negative crystal<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1253cd-13\">A cavity within a crystal that has the same crystal structure as the host crystal. The cavity resembles an included crystal and may contain solid, liquid and\/or gaseous inclusions. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_419758-2c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_419758-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_419758-2c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_419758-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6e4ae0-18\">Nucleation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f056b4-bf\">This term refers to the initial stage of a synthesis process in which a crystal begins to form in a supersaturated solution as it cools, when the conditions of temperature, pressure, and concentration allow particles to spontaneously organize into a stable crystal nucleus. This synthesis method eliminates the need for seed crystals in certain syntheses.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-15 kt-inner-tab5573_e58c37-a7\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4a01d8-03\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f0749c-c8\">Opalescence<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_637de4-35\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_637de4-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_637de4-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_637de4-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_637de4-35\">Refers to the optical property of a transparent or translucent gemstone that, due to the phenomenon of diffusion, gives it a milky appearance or hue.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4e3919-ab\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2050ae-e4\">Optical axis<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_109bd6-81\">A uniaxial refractive axis of an anisotropic material.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a5c910-b2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_752658-39\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_752658-39\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_752658-39\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_752658-39 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_752658-39\">Optical character<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_823b1e-6a\">Refers to the way in which a mineral interacts with light (unirefringent, negative or positive uniaxial birefringent, negative or positive biaxial birefringent)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9fb8b6-b2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a8223b-fc\">Optical doubling<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e63ad7-85\">A visual effect in which a facet, a relief or an image within the gem appears to be duplicated.<br><br>It occurs in birefringent (anisotropic) gemstones, where light splits into two rays travelling at different speeds within the crystal. Each ray follows a slightly different path, producing two slightly offset images as seen by the observer. Corundums (sapphire, ruby) and peridots are known to exhibit optical double refraction. Generally speaking, the higher a gemstone\u2019s birefringence, the more pronounced the optical double refraction effect.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_112e65-4e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_112e65-4e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_112e65-4e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5144cd-f1\">Optical figure<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b2b36f-c2\">A luminous pattern that can be observed when examining a gemstone using a conoscope and a polariscope. This pattern provides information about the gemstone\u2019s optical properties, making it possible to determine, in the case of an anisotropic gemstone, whether it has a biaxial or uniaxial structure. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_46a6d7-4f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3a1c7e-f0\">Optical sign<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_849bd0-88\">The optical sign is a property of birefringent crystals that characterises the relationship between the refractive indices and the propagation of light within the stone. In a uniaxial crystal, the sign is said to be positive when the extraordinary index is greater than the ordinary index, and negative in the opposite case. In a biaxial crystal, the sign is positive when the Z-axis corresponds to the highest refractive index, and negative when it corresponds to the lowest index. The optical sign can be determined by measuring the refractive indices with a refractometer or by observation under a polariscope using a quartz wedge or other compensating plates, which allow the direction of birefringence to be identified. The optical sign is thus a useful criterion for identifying a mineral species and characterising a gemstone.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d3b913-ac\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_92ffbe-6b\">OTL (Over The Limit)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_59220c-ba\">In some cases, particularly when a gem\u2019s refractive index is too high, generally above 1.79, it is no longer possible to measure the refractive index using a conventional refractometer. This is referred to as \u201cOTL,\u201d which stands for \u201cOver The Limit.\u201d Under these conditions, it is possible to measure the refractive index of an \u201cOTL\u201d gem using a digital refractometer, or by calculating the actual and apparent depths.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1c51db-64:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1c51db-64 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1c51db-64\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed0598-7d\">Ordinary ray<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_95ab0a-a3\">A light ray that propagates through a birefringent crystal along a path influenced by the crystal\u2019s structure. Its speed of propagation and refractive index (n\u2091) vary depending on the direction within the crystal. It splits into two rays and may change direction depending on the crystal\u2019s orientation.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b6e7db-22\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c74fa7-6e\">Organic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_37ad20-d7\">Refers to materials that come from living organisms or have a biological origin. These materials originate either from the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom and are distinct from mineral materials, which are formed solely by geological processes without any biological influence. Among the best-known examples of organic gemstones are pearls, which form inside mollusks in response to the intrusion of a foreign body, and coral, which comes from colonies of marine corals. Amber is also a gem of organic origin, being fossilized tree resin that sometimes preserves inclusions of organisms (for example, insects).   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_2f9dcf-59\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0852af-46\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0852af-46\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0852af-46\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0852af-46 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0852af-46\">Oxidising environment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ead2bb-53\">Refers to an environment in which oxidation reactions can occur, meaning that atoms or molecules can lose electrons, usually in the presence of oxygen or other oxidising agents. This type of environment is conducive to chemical processes in which substances react with oxygen, which can lead to changes in the chemical and physical properties of materials. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-16 kt-inner-tab5573_57f505-e1\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a05b2d-92\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_00e567-ae\"><strong><strong>Padparadscha<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2ca102-f3\">A trade name referring to a rare, orange-pink sapphire color.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d39ca9-1a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_781eb4-6c\">Para\u00edba tourmaline<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1ae1a0-27\">A trade term referring to a tourmaline with vivid neon blue to green colours, caused by the presence of copper (Cu\u00b2\u207a), originally discovered in the state of Para\u00edba in Brazil<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_300647-17{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_300647-17, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_300647-17:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_300647-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_300647-17 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_300647-17\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5989e8-1e\"><strong><strong>Parallax<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_05c8c1-0e\">This refers to a fluctuating or shifted reading of the refractive index (RI) on a refractometer. This phenomenon, which can lead to incorrect gem identification, may be caused by an excess of liquid, an irregular surface, or a slight movement of the head while reading the RI on the refractometer. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_0fe347-ae\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e79e7b-35\"><strong><strong>Pavillon<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e94199-56\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e94199-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e94199-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e94199-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e94199-56\">The lower part of a faceted gemstone, located beneath the table and the girdle. The pavilion allows light to be reflected within the gemstone and emerge through the crown. A properly proportioned pavilion maximizes the brilliance of a faceted gemstone and influences its color saturation.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_254c07-14:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_254c07-14 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_254c07-14\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_335902-94\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_335902-94\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_335902-94\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_335902-94 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_335902-94\"><strong><strong><strong>Phosphorescence<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ae11b2-aa\">Refers to the phenomenon of luminescence, in which a material continues to emit light after the excitation source (often UV or X-rays) has been turned off. This process results from the absorption of photons that excite electrons to an excited level, followed by a transition to the ground state with a time delay, thereby releasing energy in the form of light. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_23afcb-5b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ab5a4-09\"><strong><strong><strong>Piezoelectricity<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_17fd04-e7\">Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric potential difference (a change in electric charge between two points) when subjected to mechanical pressure or deformation. This phenomenon occurs particularly in crystals such as quartz, where the electric charges within the crystal move in response to the applied stress, thereby generating an electric current. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_e622a1-ef\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46de9a-f8\">Play of colour<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c13b94-74\">The visual effect of precious opals, characterised by flashes of iridescent colour visible on the surface or within the stone when the viewing angle or lighting changes.<br><br>The play of colour is caused by the diffraction of light, brought about by the opal\u2019s highly ordered internal structure, which consists of microscopic spheres of hydrated silica arranged in a regular lattice. When light passes through this structure, certain wavelengths are reflected whilst others are transmitted, some \u2018add together\u2019 (constructive interference), producing these spectacular colours. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_6b015f-58:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_6b015f-58 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_6b015f-58\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e30284-70\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e30284-70\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e30284-70\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e30284-70 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e30284-70\"><strong><strong><strong>Pleochroism<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9723f5-73\">A property of anisotropic minerals to exhibit different colors depending on the direction of observation, due to selective absorption of light. There are two forms of pleochroism: dichroism (the presence of two different colors) and trichroism (the presence of three different colors). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_503c28-de:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_503c28-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_503c28-de {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_503c28-de\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf34de-cd\">Pneumatolytic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76646c-02\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76646c-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76646c-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_76646c-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76646c-02\">Refers to a geological process that occurs during the final stages of magma crystallization, characterized by the action of fluids rich in steam, gases, and chemical elements high in metals and halogens (boron, chlorine, beryllium, fluorine, lithium, niobium, tin) that migrate toward fractures or cavities in the granite and deposit specific minerals.<br>These pneumatolytic minerals include, for example, beryl, tourmaline, topaz, or cassiterite, and often form in pegmatites, greisens, or veins peripheral to the granite. This process differs from hydrothermal phenomena due to its higher temperature (374\u2013600\u00b0C) and its predominantly gaseous composition, before water becomes the dominant component during the hydrothermal stage. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fb200c-c9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2319a4-25\"><strong><strong><strong>P<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>olariscope<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_77b260-0d\">A polariscope is an optical instrument consisting of two polarizing filters that allows one to study a gemstone\u2019s reaction to polarized light. When placed between these filters and observed as it rotates, an anisotropic gem exhibits alternating light and dark phases, brightening and then darkening during rotation due to the birefringence caused by its crystalline structure, whereas an isotropic gem remains consistently dark in all positions. This device thus allows for the rapid distinction between these two categories of stones and reveals internal stresses or optical anomalies (such as ADR). When supplemented with a conoscope, it enables the observation of interference figures that distinguish uniaxial gems from biaxial gems, which is useful for identification.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_344a5c-37:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_344a5c-37 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_344a5c-37\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5875d6-e6\">Polarising filter<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3b43e8-d8\">This term refers to an optical device that blocks certain directions of vibration in polychromatic light. White light, which is generally composed of waves vibrating in all directions, can be polarised, meaning that the waves vibrate in a single, specific direction. A polarising filter allows only light whose vibrations are oriented in a particular direction to pass through, whilst blocking those with other orientations.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_feb8c4-68\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a7b21e-54\">Polarization<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b05a7a-c0\">Light polarization is the phenomenon in which the vibrations of a light wave\u2019s electric field align in a specific direction. In unpolarized light, these vibrations are random, whereas in polarized light, they follow a regular pattern. This phenomenon occurs, for example, during reflection, diffusion, or when light passes through polarizing filters.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_cac5b6-63\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b4589-69\">Polychromatic<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6541f-46\">Refers to a light source whose emission spectrum consists of multiple colors. For example, the light emitted by the sun is polychromatic. When we observe the colors resulting from its dispersion (diffraction) through a rainbow, we see that daylight is composed of multiple colors (in reality, a range of wavelengths).  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_14ec74-b0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_db2b1c-74\">Polychrome<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_41c55e-17\">Refers to a stone that displays multiple colors visible to the naked eye, either in distinct zones or as gradients or shades within the crystal. These color variations may be due to the stone\u2019s chemical composition or impurities <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ff1063-5b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b50dce-48\">Price per carat<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf286f-c9\">It refers to the cost of a gemstone per unit of mass known as a carat, which is equivalent to 0.20 grams. It allows for the comparison of the value of gemstones of the same type (or sometimes different types) regardless of their total size, while taking into account criteria such as color, clarity, weight, variety, and geographical origin, all of which significantly influence the price. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_64943e-53:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_64943e-53 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_64943e-53\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb60d9-9d\">Primary deposit<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b6c43-51\">The concentration of minerals or metals in the rock in which they were formed, without any transport or redistribution.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_504203-ed:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_504203-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_504203-ed {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_504203-ed\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f850ac-fa\">Provenance<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec1511-a5\">Refers to the provenance or history of ownership of a gemstone or piece of jewelry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-17 kt-inner-tab5573_b2aadd-32\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d60a3a-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d59360-e3\">Quench cracking<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83a3d9-aa\">A treatment that involves subjecting a gemstone to thermal shock in order to create micro-cracks. This treatment is performed prior to dyeing to allow the dye to penetrate into the micro-cracks previously created in the gemstone. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-18 kt-inner-tab5573_c751d4-1c\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_deb67d-34:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_deb67d-34 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_deb67d-34\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2b1384-53\">Raman spectrometry<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0d6001-c8\">Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that identifies a substance by measuring the frequency shift of scattered light following interaction with a laser. This shift, known as the Raman effect, is characteristic of the vibrations of chemical bonds and serves as a signature for identifying materials, particularly in mineralogy. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_0c64b3-dc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_afb831-0f\">Reducing environment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_48f92d-54\">Refers to an environment in which reduction reactions take place, meaning that atoms or molecules gain electrons. In such an environment, reducing agents (atoms, ions or molecules capable of donating electrons) prevent or limit oxidation reactions. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_64e4b4-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_83ed16-51\">Reflected light<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c77ef4-d5\">A lighting technique in microscopy in which light is directed onto the specimen so that it is reflected off the surface of the object, rather than transmitted through it. This technique allows the surface details of gemstones to be observed. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_0af867-5f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_0af867-5f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_0af867-5f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7b6690-a3\">Refraction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d58b2f-5e\">Refraction is the change in the speed and direction of light as it passes through the boundary between two materials. In gemmology, it is measured by a stone\u2019s refractive index (RI), and some stones, such as the diamond, exhibit single refraction, whilst others, such as zircon, exhibit double refraction, where light splits into two distinct rays. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_397e9a-15:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_397e9a-15 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_397e9a-15\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ec190a-1b\">Refraction liquid<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_983dca-d8\">A liquid with a precise and known refractive index. These liquids are used in gemology in various ways to measure or estimate the refractive index of a gemstone. <br><br>High-index liquids (typically ranging from 1.79 to 1.81) are used, in particular, with a refractometer to measure the refractive index or indices of gemstones.<br><br>They are also used in immersion methods, where the gem\u2019s refractive index is compared to that of the liquid: when the indices are close, the visual boundary between the gem and the liquid becomes difficult to distinguish, thereby providing an estimate of the gem\u2019s refractive index.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a899c5-08:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a899c5-08 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a899c5-08\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c68739-51\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c68739-51\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c68739-51\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c68739-51 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c68739-51\">Refractive index (RI)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7f4cb-54\">A physical quantity that describes the behavior of light in a medium. The refractive index (RI) of a material is calculated as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (c = 299,792,458 m\/s) to the speed of light in the material in question.  The refractive index of most gemstones can be measured using a standard (analog) refractometer. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_472941-8e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_472941-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_472941-8e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_472941-8e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d50224-05\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d50224-05\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d50224-05\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d50224-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d50224-05\">Regional metamorphism<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c683f-d3\">Regional metamorphism is the large-scale transformation of rocks under the influence of high pressure and high temperatures, generally deep within the Earth\u2019s crust during tectonic movements and the formation of mountain ranges. It can affect very large volumes of rock, extending several kilometers in thickness and covering vast areas. The intensity of metamorphism varies depending on pressure and temperature conditions and is characterized by the formation of new minerals known as neominerals. These transformations occur without any overall change in the chemical composition of the protolith.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_cebf26-18:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_cebf26-18 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_cebf26-18\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8bbc39-3c\">Rock<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6003b3-1d\">A rock is a natural material that is almost always solid and consists, either entirely or mainly, of a collection of minerals. Rocks can be classified into three main categories according to their origin: igneous (formed by the solidification of magma), sedimentary (formed by the accumulation of sediments, and sometimes containing fossils), and metamorphic (formed by the transformation of pre-existing rocks under the effect of heat and pressure). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c816d8-64:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c816d8-64 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c816d8-64\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f44b2a-fc\">Rock cycle<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_25cbb5-de\">A series of continuous geological processes through which rocks are formed, transformed and recycled from older rocks. This cycle is driven by the nuclear energy released by the Earth\u2019s core, which is the source of the Earth\u2019s geodynamics. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4166d3-7e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7f3327-0b\">Rubellite<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_02c946-3a\">A gemmological\/commercial name for a pink to deep red elbaite, belonging to the tourmaline group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-19 kt-inner-tab5573_b088fe-6e\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fac3c5-8b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_33f824-0b\">Saturation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c1497-99\">This refers to the intensity of a gemstone\u2019s colour. It indicates how vivid the hue is in relation to grey (for cool-coloured gemstones) or brown (for warm-coloured gemstones). Saturation is generally rated on a scale of 1 (low) to 6 (vivid), and varies depending on the mineral species: certain rare gemstones, such as ruby or Para\u00edba tourmaline, can reach the maximum level.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_271ee4-9e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b36567-99\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b36567-99\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b36567-99\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b36567-99 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b36567-99\">Secondary deposit (placer)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_da27b3-46\">A concentration of minerals or metals formed following the weathering or erosion of a primary deposit, through the transport and accumulation of usable elements in a new location. Example: alluvial gold deposits are secondary gold deposits formed by the leaching of primary auriferous rocks. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1617d1-2f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_67285d-38\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_67285d-38\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_67285d-38\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_67285d-38 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_67285d-38\">Sedimentary rock<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba4792-c0\">A sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the accumulation, deposition and transformation of sediments, that is, particles resulting from the erosion of other rocks or the remains of living organisms.<br>These sediments are generally deposited in successive layers in sedimentary basins (at the bottom of seas, lakes or on continents&#8230; ). Over time, they compact and cement together to form a solid rock, a process known as diagenesis.<br>Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils, making them valuable records of the history of life and ancient environments. For example, limestone from an ancient marine environment is often formed from shells, microalgae, skeletons, etc., whilst sandstone results from the accumulation of grains of sand.<br>Sedimentary rocks cover a large part of the Earth\u2019s surface and play an important role in understanding landscapes and the geological history. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d7bbdc-b0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18d828-29\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18d828-29\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18d828-29\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_18d828-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_18d828-29\">Selective absorption<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_399540-57\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_399540-57\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_399540-57\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_399540-57 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_399540-57\">When an object absorbs certain components of light and transmits others.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_43905e-05:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_43905e-05 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_43905e-05\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b3b3f-ae\">Shape<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cf461e-a0\">The outline of a cut stone as seen from the front, often defined by its edge.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b1944c-1c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13c412-3f\">Silicate<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_063aa0-dd\">A silicate is a mineral whose structure is based on the fundamental unit known as the silicate tetrahedron, consisting of a silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms, with the formula SiO\u2084.<br>These tetrahedra can combine in various ways by sharing certain oxygen atoms, resulting in a wide variety of structures and, consequently, minerals. Depending on their arrangement, several major families of silicates can be distinguished, such as isolated tetrahedral nesosilicates, chain-like inosilicates, sheet-like phyllosilicates, and three-dimensional network-like tectosilicates.<br>Silicates make up the vast majority of minerals in the Earth\u2019s crust and include many important gemstones such as quartz, feldspars, garnets and micas. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_7143f4-3f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_2c1a00-a2\">Silk<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ef9f22-03\">In gemmology, \u2018silk\u2019 refers to a type of inclusion consisting of very fine mineral needles, usually aligned in parallel within a gemstone. These needles are most often made of rutile, but may also consist of other minerals depending on the stone.<br>These inclusions give the gem a soft, silky appearance, hence their name. They can diffuse light and produce distinctive optical effects. For example, when arranged in multiple directions, they can cause a phenomenon known as asterism, meaning the appearance of a luminous star on the stone\u2019s surface, as seen in certain rubies or sapphires.<br>The presence of silk is significant in gemmology as it can help identify a stone\u2019s natural origin, distinguish a natural gem from a synthetic one, and assess any heat treatments, as silk can be altered or dissolved by heat.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_0affcc-e5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e6eb91-ff\">Simple refraction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_910f0f-f4\">Single refraction occurs when the crystalline structure of a gemstone alters incoming light solely through refraction and absorption, without splitting the light into multiple rays. This occurs in crystals with a symmetrical atomic structure, such as diamond, where light is simply refracted without being separated. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9272b8-94:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9272b8-94 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9272b8-94\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_357e98-35\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_357e98-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_357e98-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_357e98-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_357e98-35\"><strong><strong><strong>Slocum stone<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_99ab73-af\">An opal imitation developed by John L. Slocum in the 1970s, consisting of glass containing fine inclusions or interference films of aluminum oxide that produce iridescence similar to the play of colors in natural opal, but not through diffraction. In other words, these interference films act somewhat like very thin layers that create colored reflections depending on the viewing angle. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_34a629-63:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_34a629-63 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_34a629-63\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3a440-01\">Smoke treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_11e3fe-5c\">A treatment applied to certain opals involving wrapping the stone in paper (newspaper, brown paper or aluminium foil) or soaking it in oil, the whole is then heated (burned) so that smoke or carbon residues from the combustion penetrate slightly beneath its surface. This carbon infiltration has the effect of darkening the opal\u2019s background colour and bringing out its play of colours more clearly. The alteration remains superficial, however, and often results in an irregular dark appearance.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_a60f18-69:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_a60f18-69 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_a60f18-69\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_800dea-f2\">Sparkle<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a6805f-2c\">This refers to the play of light that can be seen when the stone is in movement, produced by the reflections from the facets and giving the impression of moving points of light.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_3a46fa-a9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_328af8-b9\">Species<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6fa7f5-65\">A class comprising minerals that are identical in terms of chemical composition and crystal structure.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_bbb5be-d3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8733e2-21\">Specific gravity (relative density)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_06c29c-ee\">The ratio of a substance\u2019s density to that of water. In other words, it is a number that indicates how many times denser or less dense a substance is than water. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ecc578-ab\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a4e317-1f\">Spectrophotometer<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e275de-ec\">A measuring instrument that analyses the light transmitted by a substance as a function of wavelength. It produces an absorption spectrum and identifies the elements or compounds present. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_6baaec-a4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7fed6a-7b\">Spectroscope<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d345d5-b9\">An optical instrument that allows direct observation of the spectrum of light emitted, transmitted or absorbed by a substance. It decomposes light into its different wavelengths, sometimes revealing characteristic lines or bands. Used in gemmology, it helps to identify a gemstone by comparing the observed absorption spectrum with known reference spectrums.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_4473e4-3a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_40255e-d6\">Spectrum<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4cf584-e2\">A spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to its wavelength or frequency. It corresponds to the entire range of light radiation that a source can emit, transmit or absorb, and can be observed using a spectroscope. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_72a579-34:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_72a579-34 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_72a579-34\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9fa0f0-5b\">Spot reading<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_066b03-24\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_066b03-24\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_066b03-24\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_066b03-24 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_066b03-24\">A method for measuring the refractive index of a gemstone on a curved surface (typically a cabochon) using a refractometer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_539058-73{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_539058-73, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_539058-73:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_539058-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_539058-73 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_539058-73\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13029d-85\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13029d-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13029d-85\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_13029d-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_13029d-85\">Stability<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c2bfea-86\">The ability of a stone to withstand the effects of light, heat and chemicals without any change in its colour, structure or appearance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_f446c2-fc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_011bb3-43\">Step cut<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a475ae-0f\">A cutting style characterised by elongated, rectangular or trapezoidal facets, arranged in parallel rows and stacked in tiers around the faceted stone. This style emphasises the colour of the stone rather than its sparkle. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1a3d07-07\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4c5ee4-0b\">Subduction<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8834ba-60\">Subduction is a geodynamic process occurring in convergence zones where a tectonic plate, usually an oceanic plate, which is denser, plunges beneath another plate into the mantle. This subduction takes place along an inclined plane (the Wadati\u2013Benioff plane) characterised by high seismic activity. At depth, the subducted plate undergoes transformations and releases fluids that cause magma to form, leading to often explosive volcanism. Subduction also leads to the formation of oceanic trenches and mountain ranges, and contributes to the recycling of the lithosphere into the Earth\u2019s mantle.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_064091-0f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_064091-0f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_064091-0f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_064091-0f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e82968-49\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e82968-49\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e82968-49\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e82968-49 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e82968-49\">Sugar treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0703ad-ee\">A treatment for opals that involves soaking them in a hot sugar solution and then immersing them in sulphuric acid. Under the effect of the acid, the sugar is converted into carbon, which settles in the pores of the stone, darkening its background colour and enhancing its play of colour. This treatment affects only the surface layers of the opal.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_69282e-fc:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_69282e-fc {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_69282e-fc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_0b9fb1-4a\">Surface blemish<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f01d52-4e\">Refers to an irregularity confined to the surface of a gemstone.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ef96b2-43\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_402481-b5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_402481-b5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_402481-b5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_402481-b5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_402481-b5\"><strong>Synthetic Boule<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20087d-56\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20087d-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20087d-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_20087d-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_20087d-56\">A cylindrical synthetic crystal, mainly produced using the flame fusion method.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_b26be4-4b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d6253e-5d\">Synthetic stone<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_65fc57-d6\">Refers to a laboratory-grown gemstone that has essentially the same chemical composition, crystal structure and properties as its natural counterpart.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-20 kt-inner-tab5573_9702a1-a9\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5ab368-45:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5ab368-45 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5ab368-45\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ccbd84-2c\">Table<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_191909-78\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_191909-78\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_191909-78\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_191909-78 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_191909-78\">The main top facet of a faceted gemstone, usually cut parallel to the girdle. However, some fancy-cut gemstones may not have a table, the table may also be inclined to create specific optical effects. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ead62c-bd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6ecfde-87\">Tabular<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_44eacc-cc\">This term refers to a crystal or mineral with a flattened habit, characterised by predominant growth in two crystallographic directions and limited growth in the third, giving it a blade-like or plate-like appearance. Baryte, wulfenite and cerussite are examples of minerals that can exhibit this type of habit. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_2cbb84-da\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_45ab49-61\">Tenacity<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c4d36a-dd\">A property that describes a gemstone\u2019s resistance to impact, breakage or shattering. It is distinct from hardness, which measures only resistance to scratching. For example, a material may be hard but not very tough: such as a wine glass, which, although hard, breaks easily when dropped from a height of one metre, whereas a piece of wood, which is less hard, withstands the impact and remains intact due to its greater toughness.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c04214-ec:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c04214-ec {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c04214-ec\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b7f8d-0b\">Tenebrescence (reversible photochromism)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_a1f78f-0b\">A phenomenon observed in certain minerals, characterised by a change in colour when exposed to light, particularly ultraviolet light. This change is reversible, the mineral gradually returns to its original colour once placed back in the dark or, in some cases, when subjected to gentle heat. It is explained by the rearrangement of electrons linked to crystal defects, which alter the way light is absorbed. A classic example is hackmanite, which turns purple under UV light before returning to a pale colour in the dark. Unlike fluorescence and phosphorescence, this is not the emission of light but simply a change in colour.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_d603e6-0b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d3537d-d2\">Thermal conductivity<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8973fe-e4\">The ability of a substance to conduct heat through itself.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_717245-a1:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_717245-a1 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_717245-a1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5a9dbb-02\">Thermal shock<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_4e4b1b-37\">Damage caused by a sudden change in temperature.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_72aa0a-de\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d236c3-8b\">Three-phase inclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fefd88-4a\">Refers to a cavity-like inclusion containing a liquid, a gas and one or more solids.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_94d7dc-46\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ca9d78-10\">Tone<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8c5919-26\">Tone refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a gemstone, regardless of its colour.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_178534-98{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_178534-98, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_178534-98:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_178534-98 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_178534-98 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_178534-98\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bfac5d-e2\">Trace elements<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_447f7a-cc\">Refers to the accidental or systematic presence of chemical elements in extremely small quantities within a mineral (at the parts-per-million (ppm) or even parts-per-billion (ppb) level). Although these elements constitute only a small fraction of a mineral, their presence can have a significant impact on its properties (colour, fluorescence) and its overall appearance. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_645c75-ad:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_645c75-ad {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_645c75-ad\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5ffe1d-2f\">Transfer of charge<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ed7f36-1c\">A phenomenon in which electrons move between neighboring ions within a gemstone\u2019s crystal structure, causing selective absorption of light and thereby influencing its color.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_ff8c98-79\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_615697-3f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_615697-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_615697-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_615697-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_615697-3f\">Transition elements<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_3aba74-28\">Transition elements are metals located in the centre of the periodic table (groups 3 to 12) which, when present in the crystal structure, influence the colour and optical properties of a crystal. These elements, such as chromium, iron or titanium, absorb certain wavelengths of light due to their d-orbitals. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_99060a-3f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_99060a-3f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_99060a-3f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_abd837-a0\">Translucent<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cd29a2-f1\">Describes a material that allows light to pass through diffusely, without allowing one to see clearly through it.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_57d82e-5a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1244e2-03\">Transparent<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_922fb6-1d\">Refers to a material that allows light to pass through without significant light diffusion, making it possible to see clearly through it.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_8f202f-28:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_8f202f-28 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_8f202f-28\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9bb971-d5\">Treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_38c0e4-d7\">Refers to any human intervention, other than traditional gem-cutting practices, aimed at altering the appearance or properties of a gemstone in order to improve its appearance, durability or commercial value.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_70152b-5c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_70152b-5c {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_70152b-5c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6cd903-f1\">Triplet<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba06ba-34\">A composite stone consisting of three distinct layers of material, either bonded or fused together, or two layers combined with a layer of colored cement, forming a single stone. Triplets are used to imitate natural gemstones or to enhance color, appearance, and durability, particularly when the individual materials would be insufficient or too fragile to be used on their own. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_10e3c6-4f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c6cb70-bc\">Triplet magnifying glass<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_46199a-a2\">An optical magnifying glass consisting of three lenses that are typically cemented or assembled together, designed to correct the main aberrations (chromatic and spherical), resulting in a very sharp image.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_877ce4-ac\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d7d6bd-8f\">Tweezers<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9be7a5-a0\">Pliers used to pick up and handle gemstones.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_34e8dc-4a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_770855-9c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_770855-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_770855-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_770855-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_770855-9c\">Two-phase inclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9aea5a-af\">Refers to a cavity-like inclusion containing a liquid and a gas, or, more rarely, a liquid and a solid, or a gas and a solid.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_825e35-01:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_825e35-01 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_825e35-01\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_23b7e9-41\">Two-tone<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_b7147e-7b\">This term refers to a gemstone displaying two colours in distinct zoning patterns.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_49dcdc-f0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_ba8901-42\">Twinning<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e51edc-dc\">An ordered arrangement of two or more crystals of the same species, called individuals, joined together according to a specific symmetry rule (plane, axis, or center). A twinning can be simple (two crystals) or multiple (several crystals associated according to the same rule, such as the polysynthetic twinning of plagioclases). It forms by accretion (contact along a face) or by interpenetration. Twinning is often recognized by the presence of reentrant angles or parallel bands.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_9d4b19-2e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_8b6ca7-ac\"><strong><strong><strong>Twinning plane<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_5c42b2-9d\">Refers to the crystallographic plane that defines the orientation relationship between two or more twinned crystals, associated with specific symmetry operations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-21 kt-inner-tab5573_8bb0d1-41\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_c8ab9b-00\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_cc3a78-b7\">Ultraviolet radiation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_6b365a-69\">Refers to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, generally between 10 and 400 nm. In gemmology, UV light is used to detect characteristics of gemstones such as fluorescence, with standard wavelengths of 365 nm (UV-L) and 254 nm (UV-C), which reveal various reactions, such as the blue fluorescence of diamonds or the tenebrescence of hackmanite. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_01f364-74:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_01f364-74 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_01f364-74\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_f5a4a2-23\">Uniaxial<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_86dcb8-50\">Refers to a crystal that has a single optical axis, that is, a direction in which light does not undergo birefringence. Les min\u00e9raux uniaxes appartiennent aux syst\u00e8mes cristallins quadratique, hexagonal et rhombo\u00e9drique. <br><br>In other words, if the refractive index of a perfectly uniaxial anisotropic mineral is measured along its optical axis using a refractometer, it is uniaxial in that direction: the value remains constant, unlike in other directions that do not lie along the optical axis, in which the mineral exhibits birefringence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1b0396-ea\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_9a455d-59\">Unit cell<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_eb5edc-4a\">It is the smallest unit of a crystal that, when repeated in all three spatial directions, reconstructs the entire lattice and preserves its structure as well as its physical and chemical properties. It can be either primitive or conventional and is one of the 14 Bravais lattices grouped into 7 crystal systems. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-22 kt-inner-tab5573_dcbb69-83\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_1da6d0-16\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_fb6650-ed\">Variety<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_e67c42-24\">A variety is a form of a mineral species that is distinguished by its color, shape, or distinctive appearance, which gives it a specific name without changing the underlying mineral species. For example, emerald is a green variety of beryl. <br><br>Unlike a new species, a variety does not alter the essential chemical composition or the crystal structure. Its differences often stem from trace amounts of chromophore elements or minor variations in chemical composition. More rarely, it is the morphology of the crystals that justifies the distinction, as is the case with certain unusual forms of known minerals.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_fde7a4-db\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7ad6d2-5d\">Vein<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_368939-81\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_368939-81\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_368939-81\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_368939-81 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_368939-81\">A vein is a band of material formed by the intrusion of hydrothermal, magmatic or sedimentary material (often quartz, metal or other minerals or rocks) into pre-existing rock.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_78deba-cd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_78deba-cd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_78deba-cd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_c3d753-ad\">Visible spectrum<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_73e681-f5\">It corresponds to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye, ranging approximately from 400 to 700 nanometres. It extends from violet to red and constitutes the portion of light that can be observed directly, particularly when white light is dispersed. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-23 kt-inner-tab5573_ae8003-e9\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_eed05d-b9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_76ba0e-9c\">Watermelon tourmaline<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_1de57d-41\">A trade term referring to a tourmaline, usually an elbaite, exhibiting zoning with a pink centre surrounded by a green overgrowth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_5f1ace-fd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_7adb43-86\">Wavelength<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_bf2fcf-dd\">Wavelength (denoted by \u03bb) is the distance between two successive points on a periodic wave that oscillates in the same manner. It is used to characterize a wave and depends on its frequency and speed of propagation. Light is a transverse electromagnetic wave that propagates in a vacuum at a finite speed of approximately 300,000 km\/s.<br>Example for light: visible light has wavelengths ranging from about 400 nm for violet to 700 nm for red, which explains its different colors and its interactions with matter, such as absorption, reflection, or diffraction.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_60561b-41:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_60561b-41 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_60561b-41\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_d0f75f-52\">Windowing<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b\"]{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_35939e-0b\">A phenomenon that occurs when one can see through the stone by looking at it from the table, making the stone appear visually shallower and often less brilliant. The table then appears dull (lacking brilliance), whilst the outline of the crown may remain brilliant. This defect is linked to several factors, such as the proportion of the pavilion, the arrangement of the facets, the refractive index of the material, and the chosen cut.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-24 kt-inner-tab5573_5208cb-ff\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74{position:relative;}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}.kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74 {text-align: justify;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5573_7ed47e-74\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_890699-a0\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_890699-a0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_890699-a0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_890699-a0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_890699-a0\">Xenocrystal<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_470f28-54\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_470f28-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_470f28-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5573_470f28-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5573_470f28-54\">A xenocrystal is a crystal found in an igneous rock that did not form from the magma itself, but was carried in from a pre-existing rock during intrusion or crystallization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-25 kt-inner-tab5573_b7fd29-9e\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We don&#8217;t yet have any terms beginning with the letter \u00ab Y \u00bb to explain. Please feel free to send us your suggestions to help us expand this section! <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-tab kt-tab-inner-content kt-inner-tab-26 kt-inner-tab5573_7216a5-41\"><div class=\"kt-tab-inner-content-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We don\u2019t yet have any terms beginning with the letter \u00ab Z \u00bb to explain. Please feel free to send us your suggestions to help us expand this section!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to our gemology dictionary. Here you will find a comprehensive list of all the essential concepts and definitions in gemmology. Each term is explained clearly and precisely. These definitions will gradually be supplemented with detailed practical guides to help you better understand the concepts of gemmology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2496,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[104],"class_list":["post-5573","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wf_page_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arvernes-gemmes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_page_folders?post=5573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}